What Parents Should Know About C-Section Births and Baby Health​

Caesarean birth or C-section is increasingly becoming an option, whether for medical reasons or personal decision. However, many questions arise about the  health of babies born by C-section. Are babies born with C-section more at risk of health problems? How do they develop compared to babies born naturally?

Here is what you need to know, along with practical tips to support your baby’s health and well-being.

What Makes C-Section Births a Little Different for Your Baby

While most C-section babies are healthy and well, there are a few early differences you may notice compared to babies born through natural delivery. These differences are usually temporary and manageable with support from your healthcare team.

Here are some things that may happen, and what you can do to help your baby adjust smoothly.

1. Microbiome Differences

Babies born through natural delivery are exposed to beneficial bacteria in the birth canal, which helps seed their gut microbiome. This forms an important foundation for digestion and immune function.

C-section babies may have a different initial bacterial profile. Research shows that it can take up to 3-5 years for bacteria to be caught up with naturally born babies’ profile. 

2. Delayed Skin-to-Skin Contact

Due to the nature of surgery and post-operative recovery, mothers who deliver via C-section may experience a short delay before being able to hold their babies. Skin-to-skin contact is encouraged as soon as both mother and baby are stable, as it helps regulate the baby’s temperature, heart rate, and breathing. It also promotes bonding and breastfeeding. 

Many hospitals now implement family-friendly C-section protocols to support early skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding, even in the operating theatre or recovery room.

3. Feeding Challenges

Some mothers may need extra support to start breastfeeding after a C-section, especially if pain or delayed contact makes it more difficult. With the right guidance, such as help from a lactation consultant, most mothers are able to establish a successful breastfeeding relationship.

Even if full breastfeeding takes time, every drop of breastmilk counts. Combination feeding can also be a positive approach. 

4. Immune System Development

Because gut health plays a role in immunity, early microbiome exposure and nutrition are important. While some studies show differences in immune markers in babies born via C-section, there are many ways to support your baby’s immune system, such as through breastfeeding, vaccinations, and healthy bonding.

5. Bonding and Recovery Differences

Every birth journey is unique. Some mothers may feel emotionally affected by an unplanned C-section, while others may feel reassured knowing they made the safest choice. Regardless of delivery mode, bonding with your baby can flourish with love, presence, and care. 

Supporting Your Baby After a C-Section Birth

Whatever your delivery method, there are many simple steps you can take to ensure your baby gets the best possible start.

1. Support Their Breathing

Watch for signs like fast breathing or noisy breathing. If you are ever unsure, seek advice from your doctor or nurse.

2. Prioritise Breastfeeding

Breastmilk provides essential antibodies and helps support your baby’s immunity and digestion. Seek support if breastfeeding is challenging at first.

3. Practice Skin-to-Skin Contact

Even if delayed slightly, skin-to-skin contact is powerful and effective at any time in the early days. It helps regulate the baby’s body temperature, breathing, and emotional well-being.

4. Keep Up with Health Checks 

Attend all follow-up appointments and vaccinations to track your baby’s growth and keep their immune defences strong.

5. Monitor for Jaundice

Check your baby’s skin and eye colour, especially in the first week. Yellowing may indicate jaundice, which is common and usually treatable.

6. Encourage Development Through Play

Simple activities like tummy time, talking to your baby, or using toys can boost their motor and cognitive development.

Final Thoughts for Parents

Whether your baby was born through naturally or via C-section, the most important things remain the same: love, care, bonding, and health support.

If you have had a C-section, know that your journey is just as valid and that your baby can thrive with the right care and attention. With proper monitoring, feeding, bonding, and lots of affection, your little one is on the path to a strong and healthy future. 

Sources:

1. Joseph, P., Thomas, A., George, S., & Benny, P. V. (2021). A comparative study on respiratory distress in newborns delivered by cesarean section and vaginal delivery. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 8(5), 829-834. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20211571
2. Mino, R., Araki, Y., Yamada, T., Miyamoto, T., Kobayashi, M., & Tsukimori, K. (2024). Timing of elective cesarean section and incidence of transient tachypnea of the newborn. Yonago Acta Medica, 67(2), 120–125. https://doi.org/10.24563/yam.2024.06.009
3. Silasi, M., Cardenas, V. M., Racusin, D. A., & Copel, J. A. (2010). Risk of transient tachypnea of the newborn: A matched case–control study. American Journal of Perinatology, 27(10), 791–796. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1255179
4. Zhang, C., He, Y., Yan, W., Liu, Z., & Xu, Y. (2009). Cesarean section and risk of asthma in children: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Asthma, 46(6), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770900902918267
5. Liu, W., Wang, Z., Wang, L., Chen, S., Zhao, H., Sun, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2024). Cesarean section and risk of allergic diseases in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.045

As featured on The Asian Parent